The nisselue (or toppluer) is a long pointed stocking cap associated with the Norwegian nisse (known as tomte in Swedish, translated “homestead man”). Nisse are spirits from Nordic folklore appearing as small, bearded, gnome-like creatures that often help out with household chores. Over time, the nisse became popular around Christmas as their lore was blended with that of Saint Nicholas, frequently appearing on Christmas cards and typically receiving a gift of porridge from families on Christmas Day.
The signature red hat of the nisse became a symbol of Norwegian national unity and freedom. When the Nazis invaded Norway in April of 1940 and began what would be a 5-year occupation of the country, wearing nisselue suddenly became an act of resistance.
“ “Warning. Red caps. The wearing of red caps has lately become so prevalent that they are now considered a type of protest. Wearing of these caps is forbidden beginning on Thursday, 26 February, 1942. From that day forward, the caps will be confiscated from whoever is wearing one…” This was a public announcement from the police in Trondhjem. Wearing a red cap was considered a political statement against the Germans. It was such a strong symbol that elves’ red caps on Christmas cards were censored that winter.” (Pagoldh, Susanne, Nordic Knitting: Thirty-One Patterns in the Scandinavian Tradition, 1987).
There has been revived interest in nisselue following the killings of two American citizens, Renée Good and Alex Pretti, by federal agents in Minnesota. Minnesota yarn shop Needle & Skein released a red hat pattern entitled “Melt the ICE” in protest of ICE/CBP’s presence and activities in their state. All proceeds from the sale of the pattern go toward immigrant aid organizations, and so far over half a million dollars has been raised. Over 800,000 people in Minnesota identify themselves as having Norwegian heritage—the largest population in any U.S. state.
Here is a list of news articles covering the protest hats:
The Revolution Will Be Cozy – Slate
In Minneapolis, Knitters are Protesting with Red Hats – New York Times
Amerikanarar strikkar norske motstandsnisseluer mot ICE – NRK Innlandet
‘Rage knitting’ against the machine: the hobbyists putting anti-ICE messages into crafts – The Guardian
Red knitted hats being used as a quiet protest of ICE – video, CBS News Minnesota
Many have pointed out similarities between nisselue and Phrygian caps—pointed hats symbolizing liberty which have appeared throughout history, both modern and ancient.
If you’d like to knit or crochet your own nisselue, check out this selection of nisselue-style hat patterns I’ve compiled. We do have red yarn in stock, with more on the way!